Release time：2023-06-20 14:09
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I. Physical therapy
The application of physical therapy in various clinical departments is developing in a broad and deep direction. Some countries have established physiotherapy institutions not only in cities but also in rural areas. Many countries have physiotherapy departments not only in comprehensive hospitals but also in specialized hospitals (research institutes), such as the Swedish Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery. Physiotherapy is used not only to treat chronic diseases but also acute diseases; not only to treat frequently occurring and common diseases but also difficult diseases. For example, many countries are currently studying the application of shortwave, ultrasound, microwave, laser, magnetic field, direct current, etc. to treat cancer and have achieved certain results; for example, physiotherapy can play an important role in the rescue and treatment of myocardial infarction; ultrashort wave, ultrasound, etc. have a definite effect in the treatment of acute renal failure; physiotherapy can play a beneficial role in the treatment of craniocerebral injury, radiation injury, and radiation-complex injury: in recent years, physiotherapy has made great progress in cardiovascular system diseases, chronic respiratory system diseases, nervous system diseases, bone and joint diseases, liver and gallbladder diseases, peripheral vascular diseases, and some diseases in ophthalmology and dermatology. It should be pointed out in particular that in the past 20 years, many non-physiotherapy professionals in the world have also been actively studying the application of physical factors to treat diseases in their specialty.
II. Physical prevention
The use of various physical factors to prevent the occurrence of diseases has been highly valued by many countries and is constantly developing. The scope of application mainly includes the following aspects:
1. Prevent the spread of infectious diseases, such as ultraviolet radiation can prevent the spread of influenza, mumps, scarlet fever, dysentery, tuberculosis, etc.;
2. Prevent the occurrence and development of some chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, hypotension, chronic respiratory diseases, certain allergic diseases, neurasthenia, mental weakness, etc. For example, ultraviolet light quantum oxygenation autohemotransfusion therapy can improve the body's immune function, improve blood rheology and microcirculation, improve blood substance metabolism, remove free radicals, improve the state of blood vessel walls, etc., and have the effect of preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular sclerosis and vascular embolism. Ultraviolet whole-body irradiation can increase the potassium ion concentration in the myocardium and plasma, enhance the activity of cholinesterase, and reduce the cholesterol content in the blood, which can improve myocardial nutrition and prevent arteriosclerosis; ultrasonic water purification atomization humidifier can adjust the microclimate in the room and prevent respiratory diseases.
3. Prevent surgical complications and sequelae, such as infection, long-term incision healing, tissue adhesion, scar hyperplasia, scar contracture, functional disorder, disuse muscle atrophy, etc.;
4. Prevent the occurrence and development of some occupational diseases, such as ultraviolet deficiency, silicosis, chronic radiation sickness, and allergies to certain chemicals among workers in mines, tunnels, subways, submarines, etc.;
5. Prevent adverse reactions caused by drastic climate changes, or adverse reactions caused by not adapting to new climate conditions in a different place;
6. Prevent adverse reactions caused by excessive fatigue due to mental or physical labor, and accelerate the elimination of fatigue;
7. Improve the functional state of the body, strengthen physical fitness, and increase labor productivity;
8. Delay the development of aging changes.
III. Physical therapy and rehabilitation
Rehabilitation refers to the purposeful, planned, step-by-step, rational, comprehensive and coordinated application of medical, social, educational and vocational training measures to treat, train and train the sick, injured and disabled, so that their ability to move can be restored or rebuilt to the highest possible level, so that they can return to life, work and society as soon as possible.
Rehabilitation medicine is a new medical specialty. It is a discipline that allows the sick, injured and disabled to rehabilitate physically, mentally and professionally. It is a medical science that studies the causes, mechanisms, consequences and possibilities of recovery of various obstacles caused by illness and injury, and studies the methods and means of restoring functions to the greatest extent.
Rehabilitation is not only for the disease itself, but focuses on the whole person, and conducts comprehensive rehabilitation from the physiological, psychological and social occupational activities. To this end, rehabilitation medicine must be a multidisciplinary collaboration to conduct physical and mental function examinations, treatments, training and rehabilitation assessments. In the medical field, it is necessary to work closely with various clinical specialties. In terms of connection with social sciences, it involves sociology and community medicine. Rehabilitation medicine itself includes basic medicine neurophysiology, cardiovascular physiology, and clinical medicine. On the basis of physical therapy, medical sports and orthopedic surgery and related clinical foundations, occupational therapy is applied in conjunction with it. Communication therapy includes speech therapy, psychological therapy, recreational therapy, and the fitting of prosthetic and orthoptic braces. Physical therapy, convalescence and body therapy are the main components of rehabilitation medicine. Physical therapy, medical sports and convalescence all have an exercise effect, which can fully mobilize the body's various reserve functions, strengthen the compensatory function, and improve the body's ability to adapt to various factors affecting the external environment. Therefore, the health level is improved and the patient's ability to return to normal life, work and labor after recovery is promoted. In many countries, when the disease is clinically cured, it immediately enters the rehabilitation treatment stage, and is transferred to a rehabilitation hospital or health care center. In order to improve the rehabilitation effect, some countries set up rehabilitation departments in clinical hospitals to take rehabilitation measures early. Physical therapy plays a very important role in this stage. After the clinical treatment stage and after the completion of various acute and chronic diseases, and after the completion of various surgical treatment stages, rehabilitation treatment can achieve good results. For example, after the clinical treatment stage, more than 30% of patients with myocardial infarction can resume their original work and labor through rehabilitation treatment, more than 30% of patients can resume light labor, and the rest can take care of themselves. It is particularly important to carry out physical medicine and rehabilitation treatment for war injuries and various traumas, as well as before and after plastic surgery.