Release time：2023-10-16 17:26
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Ultrasound refers to mechanical vibration waves with a frequency greater than 20kH2 that are inaudible to normal human ears. Ultrasound therapy is a physical therapy that uses ultrasound to act on the human body to achieve the purpose of treating diseases.
The clinical application of ultrasound is relatively wide, including soft tissue contracture, soft tissue injury, acute and chronic inflammation, musculoskeletal system pain, arthritis, fractures, nerve damage, neuralgia, etc. The following lists several common clinical rehabilitation applications of ultrasound therapy.
Application of ultrasound in ankle sprain
The patient, male, 33 years old, complained of pain and swelling in the left ankle and limited movement. He was unable to move for more than 1 month.
Diagnosis: ankle sprain.
Treatment method: drug therapy to promote blood circulation and improve pain; traditional joint adhesion release and exercise therapy to improve movement disorders; ultrasonic therapy to improve muscle condition.
Treatment prescription: frequency - 1MHZ, output mode - pulse output mode, duty cycle - 20%.
Treatment time: 3-5 minutes, output intensity: 0.25-0.5w/cm2.
Treatment area: foot.
Application of ultrasound in lateral epicondylitis of humerus
Patient, male, 43 years old. Pain in the right elbow joint occurred due to labor and cold 2 months ago, and gradually worsened, and his activities were significantly limited recently.
Diagnosis: lateral epicondylitis of humerus.
Treatment method: Local application of hormones or antihistamines + ultrasound treatment, traditional rehabilitation treatment, relieve inflammation and pain.
Ultrasound treatment prescription: frequency - 1MHZ, ultrasound treatment head 5cm2, coupling agent applied to the ultrasound head and the condyle of the lateral epicondylitis of humerus, pulsed ultrasound treatment, 1.5W/cm2, moving method. Each treatment lasts 10 minutes, and 10 times is a course of treatment.
Treatment site: elbow.
Application of ultrasound in carpal tunnel syndrome
Patient, female, 52 years old, numbness and pain on the outside of the right palm for more than 1 month.
Diagnosis: early carpal tunnel syndrome.
Treatment method: local application of hormones or antihistamines + ultrasound treatment, electroacupuncture assisted treatment to prevent wrist edema;
Ultrasound treatment prescription: frequency - 1MHZ, output mode - pulse output mode, duty cycle - 20%, treatment time - 15 minutes, output intensity - 1.0w/cm2.
Application of ultrasound in plantar fasciitis
Patient, male, 49 years old. The patient has gradually developed heel pain in the past six months, and the pain has worsened in the past two weeks, making it difficult to walk.
Diagnosis: plantar fasciitis.
Treatment method: medication + ultrasound treatment, traditional rehabilitation treatment, relieve inflammation and reduce pain.
Ultrasound treatment prescription: frequency - 3MHZ, treatment head - 5cm2. Coupling agent is applied to the sound head and the painful part of the sole, pulsed ultrasound treatment, 1.5W/cm2, moving method. Each treatment lasts 10 minutes, and 10 times is a course of treatment.
Treatment site: sole.
Application of ultrasound in anterior cruciate ligament injury
The patient, a 28-year-old female dance teacher, was diagnosed with complete ACL rupture and medial meniscus tear in the right knee by the hospital. She underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autologous peroneus longus tendon transplantation and partial meniscus cartilage resection, and received rehabilitation treatment 4 days after surgery.
Rehabilitation diagnosis: inflammation and swelling of the right knee joint; ADL is partially limited;
Ultrasonic treatment prescription: frequency - 1MHz, 20% duty cycle, 10min/time, 5 times/week, to reduce inflammation and swelling, and also inhibit sensory fiber input, thereby reducing joint-induced muscle inhibition.
The high-frequency vibration emitted by the ultrasonic therapeutic device can promote thrombus dissolution, reduce the levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the affected area, prevent the ablation of atherosclerotic plaques, dilate blood vessels, and improve local blood supply; the warm effect can increase the temperature of local tissues, promote local blood circulation and the opening of capillary networks, accelerate the establishment of collateral circulation and the absorption of congestion and the nutritional metabolism of local tissues, and prevent and relieve spasms of small arteries in the affected limbs.
Indications for ultrasonic therapy:
Ultrasonic therapy can be applied not only to the above-mentioned diseases, but also to the treatment of various other types of diseases.
1. Bone, joint and muscle diseases: rotator cuff injury, biceps long head tenosynovitis, shoulder periarthritis, cervical spondylosis, spondylitis, lumbar disc disease, tennis elbow, tenosynovitis, traumatic bursitis, etc.;
2. Soft tissue trauma and inflammation: sprain, contusion, scar, soft tissue contracture, injection nodules, thrombophlebitis;
3. Neurological diseases: cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, brain trauma, neuritis, neuralgia, phantom limb pain, trigeminal neuralgia, intercostal neuralgia, sciatica, etc.;
4. Gynecological diseases: vulvar itching, pelvic inflammatory disease, dysmenorrhea;
5. Dermatological diseases: urticaria, pruritus, scleroderma, neurodermatitis, herpes zoster, etc.;
6. Others: cerebrovascular disease hemiplegia, coronary artery insufficiency, retinitis, vitreous opacity, malnutrition, ulcer peptic ulcer, bronchial asthma, gastrointestinal dysfunction, etc.
Contraindications of ultrasound therapy:
1. Malignant tumors (except for ultra-high-dose tumor treatment) The heat and mechanical effects of ultrasound may accelerate tumor growth or cause metastasis;
2. In areas with bleeding tendency, ultrasound increases blood flow velocity and membrane permeability, which will cause more bleeding;
3. In infected areas, ultrasound may increase the spread of infection;
4. Thrombophlebitis and multiple vascular sclerosis. The mechanical effect of ultrasound may cause blood clots to fall off and enter the blood circulation, thereby blocking the blood vessels of important organs such as the brain, heart and lungs;
5. The lower back of pregnant women. Ultrasound therapy will generate heat and have a certain degree of impact on the fetus, so when there is a possibility of pregnancy, ultrasound should be avoided in the abdomen, pelvis and waist. Diagnostic ultrasound can be used to check the condition of the mother and fetus, which is safe and has no side effects, so it is not within the scope of contraindications;
6. Deep X-ray irradiation, radiotherapy or isotope radiotherapy Ultrasound may interact with the surface cells of tumors after these ionized radiotherapy. Therefore, ultrasound therapy can be considered 6 months after these radiotherapy stops. Except for ordinary X-ray examination;
7. Plastic implants. High-density plastics are often used as joint substitutes, such as polymethyl methacrylate bone cement, which has a high absorption coefficient for ultrasound. Ultrasound treatment should be avoided in areas with plastic implants;
8. Pacemakers. Ultrasound may interfere with the work of pacemakers, so ultrasound cannot be used around the heart of patients with pacemakers, but it can be used in other areas;
9. Eyes. Ultrasound can cause cavitation of orbital fluid and damage the eyes;
10. Reproductive organs. Ultrasound may affect the development of chromosomes.
Scope of caution for ultrasound therapy:
1. Acute inflammation: Because heat therapy can promote blood flow and aggravate acute inflammatory exudation, ultrasound of a certain intensity will generate heat, so it is necessary to be careful when using ultrasound in acute inflammation.
2. Children's epiphysis: There is controversy as to whether the epiphysis of children is a contraindication. Some literature points out that ultrasound can interfere with bone growth, and some studies have shown that low-dose ultrasound acts on fractured rats and there is no change in the growing bone. However, it is generally not recommended to use ultrasound on the epiphyseal part of children. If used, high doses are prohibited.
3. Metal in the body: Studies have found that when ultrasound is applied to metal parts of the body, a large amount of ultrasound energy will be generated.
4. Spinal part: The central nervous system is sensitive to ultrasound, and high doses can easily cause damage. Therefore, high-dose ultrasound treatment should not be performed on the laminectomy site, because the spinal cord may be exposed after laminectomy and receive high-dose ultrasound.
5. Use with caution in local circulatory disorders, areas of sensory insensitivity, and heat-sensitive areas: Ultrasound therapy is an important means in the field of rehabilitation treatment. Its characteristics and advantages make it a good choice for patient rehabilitation. The specific use method and operation should be carried out under the guidance of doctors and therapists, and an individualized treatment plan should be formulated according to the specific situation of the patient.